海下灣 Hoi Ha Wan
生境 Habitats
地點介紹 Site Description
海下灣是西貢半島的一部分，亦是香港第二個海岸公園。海下灣海岸公園在1996年設立，面積約260公頃，公園內禁止拖網捕魚、釣魚、化學捕魚、帶走海洋生物，遊人到該處郊遊或潛水亦須遵守相關守則。
海下灣因有天然屏障保護，海水比較乾淨，故棲息著很多海洋物種，生態價值很高。其中最著名的是珊瑚群落，包括64種石珊瑚。較常見的石珊瑚有多灣角蜂巢珊瑚、 柱角孔珊瑚、波形石葉珊瑚 、尖邊扁腦珊瑚等。
由於擁有優良的珊瑚區，海岸公園的珊瑚伴生魚類品種也非常豐富，至今已發現超過120種。
在海岸邊有大片紅樹林，除了可以看到秋茄、白骨壤等6種紅樹外，也可發現幼魚和不同泥灘生物。
世界自然基金會香港分會在海下灣設立海洋教育項目，為學校、社區中心等舉辦玻璃底船參觀活動。
不過，海下村受丁屋發展影響，未來污水問題可能日益嚴重。另外，隨著海下灣遊客增加，亂拋垃圾、非法捕魚、盗取珊瑚、傷害海洋生物等個案也逐漸頻密。
Hoi Ha Wan is a part of Sai Kung Peninsula and the second MArine Park in Hong Kong. Hoi Ha Wan Marine Park was established in 1996 with an area of around 260 hectares. Inside the marine park bottom trawling, fishing, chemical fishing and collecting sea products are prohibited. When visiting or diving, related regulations have to be followed as well.
Protected by a natural barrier, Hoi Ha Wan has cleaner water and thus holds a lot of marine organisms, making it a place with high ecological value. The place is most famous for its corals, as 64 species of stony corals can be found there, including Pineapple Coral, Daisy Coral, Stone-leaf Coral, Lesser Valley Coral, etc.
Because of the high-quality coral reefs, coral associated fish species are also very rich. Currently there are over 120 discovered species. Other marine organisms found include Papuan Jellyfish, Symbiotic Sponge, Arabian Cowry and Thorny Sea Cucumber.
On the shore is a large area of mangrove, where 6 species of mangroves such as Kandelia obovata and Grey Mangrove are found together with juvenile fish and mudflat invertebrates.
WWF Hong Kong has lauched a marine education programme in Hoi Ha Wan, and organizes field trips for schools and community centres in which participants and observe corals on a glass-bottomed boat.
However, as New Territories Small Houses continue to grow in numbers in Hoi Ha Village, the problem of sewage is likely a growing threat to the marine park. Also ,as visitors increase, cases of littering, illegal fishing, stealing corals and hurting marine animals are on the rise as well.